India expects to spend an extra Rs 57 lakh crore over the next seven years on climate adaptation, on top of the around Rs 13.35 lakh crore (or 5.5% of its GDP) budgeted in the fiscal year 2021-22.
This submission to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) comprises the country's initial evaluation of adaptation needs. Climate change adaptation measures include projects such as building sea barriers, growing temperature-resilient crops, executing heat-action plans, and establishing disaster-resilient infrastructure.
India's expenditure on adaptation-related activities has been increasing and is expected to reach Rs 13.35 lakh crore (5.6% of GDP) in 2021-22, up from Rs 5 lakh crore (3.7% of GDP) in 2015-16. The submission stresses how important it is to have international financial support for successful implementation since vulnerabilities are growing and more money needs to be spent on adaptation to protect progress made in development. The country's adaptation costs are likely to rise, and international climate money is seen as critical to the success of adaptation measures.
The submission also includes India's third National Communication under the Kyoto Protocol, which details the country's greenhouse gas emissions for the year 2019. India's total emissions in 2019 were 3.13 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, less than half those of the United States and one-fourth that of China. Over 75% of India's total emissions were attributed to the energy sector, which included electricity production and road transportation.
Along with the third National Communication, India filed its first Adaptation Communication, which included a detailed account of the country's vulnerability to climate change, adaptation requirements, and ongoing or planned activities. The communication highlights government activities and policies that have important adaptation co-benefits, such as the Jal Jeevan Mission, the PM Awas Yojana, the Swachhta Mission, the Ganga cleaning exercise, heat response plans, and cyclone warning systems.
As India commits to climate action, the international climate change framework requires wealthy countries to offer financial assistance to developing countries for climate-related mitigation, adaptation, and other activities. The submission highlights India's consistent support of climate action while prioritizing its people's well-being. During COP28 in Dubai, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav underlined the need for new climate funding flows guided by the requirements of developing countries.
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