Climate change has an impact on wine-growing regions around the world, with warmth and extreme drought affecting yields, grape composition, and wine quality.
A study team has generated a global map of changing trends in the hazards and potential benefits of climate change for existing and emerging wine-growing regions. Winegrowing regions are typically found in the mid-latitudes, where the temperature is warm enough to allow grape ripening without excessive heat and dry enough to avoid high fungal disease pressure.
Rising temperatures hasten vine development and early ripening of grapes during the hottest summer months, influencing grapes and wine types. On a worldwide basis, climate change may diminish growable surface area in some wine regions while increasing it in others. If global warming exceeds 2°C, 90% of traditional winegrowing regions in Spain, Italy, Greece, and southern California may be unable to produce high-quality wine in an economically viable manner by the end of the century due to the hazards of extreme drought and more frequent heat waves.
Higher temperatures may make other places more suitable for superior wine production, such as northern France, Washington and Oregon, British Columbia, and Tasmania. Adaptation techniques are strongly dependent on local variables and must maintain the economic viability of the industry.
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